(C) The reduced L1 starvation survival rate of ain-1(lf) mutants was significantly suppressed by a null allele of unc-31. Compromising overall miRNA function dramatically reduces the survival rate of L1 worms in starvation-induced diapause, and the effect can be significantly suppressed by an age-1/PI3K mutation. Our genetic analysis indicated that for both L1 diapause survival and developmental recovery functions, miR-71 regulates expressions of genes in both the insulin receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. (F) Fluorescence and DIC images showing that an hbl-1 3′UTR reporter was repressed in mir-71(+) worms and slightly derepressed in mir-71(lf) mutants. (E) DIC images showing that hbl-1(RNAi) caused precocious VPC divisions in late L2/early L3 in both wild-type and mir-71(lf) worms recovered from 4 d of L1 starvation. (C) Bar graph showing that the delayed VPC timing defects of mir-71(lf) worms was suppressed by an unc-31(lf) mutation and partially suppressed by an age-1(rf) mutation.
Some of us feel like we would let our communities down.
(D) A representative chart of the L1 starvation survival rates of different miRNA mutants. However, it remains unclear how, and to what extent, miRNAs coordinate animal survival and development in response to stresses. Unlike dauer diapause, L1 diapause is not accompanied by life cycle changes and has not been shown to require certain signaling pathways that control the formation of dauer diapause such as TGF-β signaling (daf-1, daf-7) and nuclear hormone receptor (daf-12) (2, 3). When late, first larval stage (L1) worms sense unfavorable conditions, they enter an alternative and long-lived larval stage called dauer larvae (or dauer diapause). The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans responds to starvation by entering developmental arrest at multiple stages of its life cycle (1).
On play, trauma, and wellbeing
We further found that this survival rate reduction of ain-1 mutants was overcome by ectopic expression of the AIN-2 protein in the intestine but not in the muscle (Fig. 1A and Fig. S1A). In this study, we addressed the questions of whether and how miRNAs impact developmental arrest and the long-term survival of early L1 stage worms in response to food starvation. Furthermore, a recent study suggests that the expression of certain miRNAs is differentially regulated by starvation-induced dauer diapause (15). Consistent with these ideas, several recent lines of evidence suggest that miRNA let-7 and the heterochronic genes lin-42 and hbl-1 are required to regulate the starvation-induced dauer diapause (10–12) and that a number of miRNAs including lin-4 and mir-71 are involved in regulating life span (13, 14).
It’s also notorious among tabletop enthusiasts for making some people loathe the entire medium of board games… I’ve got several posts to write on this topic, but I want to start by honouring Gene’s remarks with a ringing endorsement of his point about supporting those with trauma responses to play, and building on what that means more broadly. I’d like to thank whoever chose the GLAM Blog Club theme for this month, and highlight some of my past posts as potential inspiration for anyone thinking of writing about play and games in a libraries/GLAM context – specifically my Talking Points series, especially the second one, on the powers of play. We detected that you have an open account recovery request. Penalties are applied no matter who was playing at the time.
Briefly, worms were well fed for at least two generations, and gravid adults were bleached with hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide. L1 starvation assay was adapted from a previously described protocol (3). Worms strains were grown and maintained at 20 °C as described (29). This result is consistent with the observation that miR-71 is specifically required for the starvation-induced stress response (Fig. S5). For example, we observed a robust retarded mutant phenotype in the vulval lineage but did not see obvious defects in seam cell differentiation or alae formation. Our data provide the experimental evidence that two components of the InsR pathway are likely direct targets of miR-71 in its role in a specific physiological process, L1 diapause (see a model in Fig. S5).
Support Groups as a Pathway to Ongoing Healing
The PlayStation Family app lets you manage your family from your mobile device, and offers additional options to monitor your children’s playtime. Understanding the role support groups play in mental health crisis recovery is essential for individuals, families, and professionals seeking effective support during difficult times. Education should be pursued in every area of life, including addiction, recovery, and how family support is intertwined in it. Furthermore, the observed derepression of individual genes by mir-71(lf) seemed too weak to account for the phenotype, consistent with the idea that a prominent phenotype of an miRNA mutation is caused by the collective effect of changing expression in many genes, an important property of miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
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Emotional distress is also very common among family members. In this article, we explore how families can support the path to sobriety, the various dynamics, and the resources available for both the individual and their loved ones. Recovery from addiction is a journey that would be helped by involving the entire family unit. Make a one-time donation or a recurring donation to Café RE here. By Johanna C, 3 months sober (at the time of writing), most recent sober date August 18th, 2023. Through this exercise, I was able to reflect on the tape that illustrates my life as an anxiety-ridden, unpredictable and obsessive drinker.
Playing The Tape Forward: A Foundation For My Sobriety
(H and I) Fluorescence images (H) and statistical data (I) showing that the M cell diveded in fed animals but remained undivided in 4-, 7-, or 11-d–starved L1 wild-type and mir-71(lf) worms. (E) Fluorescence and DIC images showing that the unc-31 3′UTR reporter was repressed in mir-71(+)worms (2/2 transgenic lines) but not in mir-71(lf) worms (4/4 transgenic lines). We found that the reduced survival rate of ain-1 was suppressed by either reduction of age-1 function or loss of unc-31 function (Fig. 1 B and C), suggesting that a significant portion of the overall miRNA functions in L1 diapause is upstream of, or in parallel to, the InsR pathway. Previous studies indicate that the InsR pathway plays a dominant role in regulating L1 starvation survival and that reducing the activity of the insulin receptor daf-2, the PI3Kinase age-1, or the upstream regulator unc-31 results in increased L1 starvation survival rate (2, 3). The two ain-1 loss-of-function alleles displayed significant reductions in L1 starvation survival rate. We found that ain-1 but not ain-2 mutants displayed a significant reduction in L1 starvation survival rate compared with that of wild type (Fig. 1 A and D).
When we play the tape forward, we see the life we left. I’ve come to realize, there is a strong sense of culture that paints that picture as an expected way of life. So…when we play the tape forward of what that life was like, it’s meant to stop us in our tracks and remember. Despite our time away from alcohol, there are moments or even extended periods of time when we feel like a life with alcohol isn’t so bad, that we can moderate. LifeRing Secular Recovery is an organization of people who share practical experiences and sobriety support. For examining the age-1 3′UTR reporter, the rol-6(d) marker (100 ng/μl pRF4) was used instead of the unc-119(+) plasmid.
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The coordinated entrance into developmental arrest, long-term survival, and the reinitiation of development upon food availability are important biological processes to investigate. Different organisms have developed versatile growth arrest strategies to overcome starvation-induced metabolic and developmental problems. Food deprivation is a life-threatening challenge that animals frequently face as individuals and as species. Numerous animal species across multiple phyla enter developmental arrest for long-term survival in unfavorable environments and resume development upon stress removal. Contributed new reagents/analytic tools; X.Z., R.Z., and M.H.
- Eastern time.
- These therapeutic groups are not unstructured sharing spaces, but guided experiences designed to support emotional regulation, trauma resolution, and nervous system healing.
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- That curation isn’t only about having collections available for loan or in the library space; it’s also about making actual play experiences available.
- These results suggest that miR-71 regulates the expression of unc-31 and age-1 through their 3′UTRs.
- On 12 February 2020, they announced that lead singer Biesler would be leaving the band.
Elegans Genetic Center for many mutants of miRNA and other genes. Images were pseudocolored in Photoshop CS3 (Adobe) and assembled in Illustrator CS3 (Adobe). The data for 3′UTR expression and for VPC timing were analyzed using χ2 test. To determine viability, 20-μL aliquots (60–100 worms) were placed every 3 d onto two 6-cm nematode growth medium (NGM) plates seeded with OP50, and the numbers of L1 worms were recorded as number of plated worms (Np). A total of 16–24 h later, the density of newly hatched L1 worms was adjusted to three to five worms per microliter S-basal. The eggs were transferred to plates seeded with HB101 and bleached again 3 d later.
Play, Happiness, Imagination, Learning
This feels like one of those posts where if I had more time I could make it shorter… but I don’t. Fun seems self-evident, but I would just gently remind readers that fun is non-trivial; is in fact the active face of joy, as beauty is the passive. As above, play without consent, treating others as toys without independent will rather than as fellow players, is oppression and abuse. In fact, one of the great, almost pre-verbal lessons of play is precisely that the magic circle of play exists only with, is in large part comprised of, the willing participation of everyone in and around it. That curation isn’t only about having collections available for loan or in the library space; it’s also about making actual play experiences available.